A western book for western planters; practical instruction for propagating, planting, growing and caring for fruit, shade and ornamental trees and small fruits adapted to the West by Shields Orlando D. 1851-

Author:Shields, Orlando D., 1851-
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Fruit-culture
Publisher: Loveland, Col., O.D. Shields
Published: 1905-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

wood and thus effect a cure. Fron; the location of this trouble beneath the bark, and from the tardy appearance of any evidence of injury, it is clear that a practical demonstration of the cause would be difficult if not impossible. I am not aware that any actual demonstration of the working of the cause has ever been made. Since the trouble became known its origin has been assigned to the action of frost, but there was no tangible basis for the assumption until the matter was taken up and critically studied by Professor Burrill of Illinois. The results of his observations and the theoretical deductions from them were presented in a paper before the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the Ann Arbor meeting in 1885. After explaining frost cracks, and the phenomena attending the crystallization of liquids by frosts, he says—'' The second form of injury—especially prevalent in apple trees—is believed to be due to the growth of ice crystals studding in a close or dense layer, the surface upon which they form. Such miniature forests of crystals can be found in green plants even after slight freezing, as well as in ripened wood in severely low temperatures." The process of crystal growth is further explained as follows: "In the trunks of trees the crystallizations begin in any part where there is proportionally most pure water. The very process of solidification causes, by the law of equal diffusion, a movement of water from adjoining parts, toward the point from which the first liquid (as such) is removed. Hence the ice crystals first formed constantly grow, attracting as it were the water from neighboring parts of the tissue. This growth of the crystals, associated as they occur in close layers, pushes asunder the normally connected tissues." The theory here given being based upon careful observations, and being in perfect accord with physical laws has been accepted as the true explanation of the trouble under discussion. It will be noted that the operation of the theory depends upon the presence of fluid sap, and that the greater the water content of the tree the more liable it is to

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.